下面小編跟大家一起了解商務法律實用英語整理分享，希望對大家的學習有所幫助。
　　Courts and the Language of Lawsuits
　　法庭和訴訟語言
　　The U.S. court system is organized into a system of higher courts and lower courts.
　　美國的系統(tǒng)由高等和低級組成。
　　A case begins in the trial court.
　　案件在初審開始審理。
　　In a civil case, the person who starts the lawsuit is called the plaintiff.
　　在民事案件中，提訟的人被稱為原告。
　　In a criminal case, the person who brings the case to court is called the prosecutor.
　　在刑事案件中，將案件提交法庭的人被稱為檢察官。
　　In both civil and criminal cases, the person who is the target of the case is called the defendant.
　　在民事和刑事案件中，案件指向的對象是被告。
　　Thecomplaint filed by the plaintiff will describe each cause of action, which is the claim being made.
　　原告提交訴狀，提出索賠，訴狀要陳述訴訟理由。
　　The court can hear the case>只有對當事人雙方都有管轄權(quán)，對案件的標的也有管轄權(quán)，才能審理案件。
　　During the trial, the court will hear what each witness has to say about what happened. The statement of each witness is his or her testimony.
　　在審判期間，法庭將聽取每一位證人對所發(fā)生的事情的陳述。證人的陳述即為證人證言。

　　The court may also review documents, such as contracts, letters, or sales invoices.
　　還可以合同、信件或銷售發(fā)票等文件。
　　All together, the information received by the court about the case is called the evidence.
　　總之，收到的關(guān)于這個案件的信息被稱為證據(jù)。
　　After all evidence has been received, reviewed, and heard, the judge and the jury will decide what happened in the case and also decide which party will win or lose.
　　在收到、和聽取所有證據(jù)之后，法官和陪審團可以判定案情走向，也將判定當事人的輸贏。
　　If either party is dissatisfied with the result of the case, he or she can file an appeal with a higher court, which is known as an appellate court.
　　任何一方對案件的審理結(jié)果不滿意，可以向更高一級的，即所謂的上訴提出上訴。
　　The person who files the appeal is called the appellant and the person who is responding is called the appellee.
　　提起上訴的人被稱為上訴人，應訴的人被稱為被上訴人。